Lithuania has a sufficient solar, wind, hydro, biomass and geothermal resources. Lithuania is situated between 54-56° of Northern Latitudes, and it is the same as UK, Southern Denmark, Southern Sweden. Global radiation has been measured at two locations in Lithuania: this is in Kaunas at 54.54 N and Silute 55.21 N, 200 and 40 km from the West coast respectively.
The
duration of sunshine, measured throughout eleven
stations in Lithuania, depends on the distance
from the sea mainly and differs by 250 hours, even
the distance from the coast to the eastern border
is not more, than 350 km. (see fig.1). Average
yearly solar radiation on the horizontal surface
is 968 kWh/m2 in Silute and 1025 kWh/m2
in Kaunas, where the measurements of the solar
radiation have been provided for the 45 years
since the 1955. Monthly distribution of total
solar radiation in two locations (see fig.2) shows
the very big difference between summer and winter,
as Lithuania is rather far to the North.
Fig.1. Duration of sunshine in Lithuania
The
duration of sunshine and the level of solar
radiation is comparable or even better than in
Czech republic (1720 h/y, 1030 kWh/m2),
Germany (1650-1400 h/y), or Sweden (820-1050 kWh/m2).
The largest part, 87,6 % (910 kWh/m2)
of the yearly solar energy we get in March -
September, so the first step to commercialisation
could be seasonal solar hot water systems.
Fig 2. The sums of the medium direct. and disperse
radiation onto the horizontal surface in Kaunas
(medium cloudiness)
The
United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED), also known as The "Earth
Summit", held in 1992, considered strategies
reconciling the imperatives of environmental
protection and worldwide development and adopted
in Agenda 21 an international program of action
for global sustainable development into 21st
century.
On UNESCO
initiative and with the close support of a group
of Heads and Government, a World Solar Commission
was established in 1995 to provide high-level
leadership.
PSP The Worlds
Solar Summit held in 1997 launched The "Word
Solar Programme 1996-2005 in which take part 104
States. This programme, conceived as a concrete
follow-up of the recommendations of the Earth
Summit.
The
Lithuania has very few fossil sources of energy.
The fossil sources are imported. On the other hand
it has a sufficient solar, wind, hydro, biomass
and geothermal resources. Lithuania has a
scientific, technological and industrial potential
for renewable energy development.
The
development of renewable energy in Lithuania is
guided by National program on increasing of energy
consumption effectiveness, the implementation of
which lasts from 1992. The one of priority
directions is utilization of biomes and other
renewable sources of energy such as hydro,
geothermal, particularly - wind and solar.
The
Lithuanian National Commission of UNESCO in common
with Institute of Lithuanian Scientific Society
under support by UNESCO carried out "The
participation program 1998-1999" and has
developed this "Lithuanian National Solar
Program 2000-2005" and will take an effort to
introduce it into World Solar Program 1996-2005.
The
such national project of LNSP is developed. In
fact this is Lithuanian program of a renewable
energy obtaining nor only solar energy
(photovoltaic, heat), but a biomes (plant biomes,
bio fuel, bio oil), wind, hydro and geothermic as
well. For this reason Lithuanian national solar
program becomes Lithuanian renewable energy
program.
The
main goal of the Lithuanian National Solar
Programmed as well, as Word Solar Program remains:
to develop not only perspective researches, to
create very effective technologies, to develop
industry, to built demonstrations power systems,
but, as it is very important, - to develop people
education, to establish information set and
communications, to implement sustainable renewable
energy legislation.
The
Lithuanian National Solar Programme 2000-2005, as
a part of the World Solar Program 1996-2005
(directed by UNESCO under United Nations), and as
national program, correlated with EU White Paper:
Energy for the Future: Renewable Sources of
Energy, 1997, would become as a background for LITHUANIAN
STATE PROGRAMME OF THE RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY
Solar heating systems in Lithuania include solar collector systems to be used in commercial and residential applications producing heat below 120 şC. These systems are:
-
Domestic hot water (DHW) for single-family houses
as well as multifamily houses
-
Small (private) swimming pools
In all countries the basic need is domestic
hot water. The amount of collectors per system
is about 4 - 6 m˛ per family in a Northern
climate. In principle, these systems can be
applied to most buildings, also in densely
populated urban environments. It is also easy to
make these systems most economic because they will
be dimensioned to produce hot water during the
summer season. In Lithuania well-designed DHW
systems can produce 60% of the DHW needs.
Investigation
of the technologies and the equipment from the
European countries and calculations of the
possible cheapest price level of the DHWS from the
imported components did not let us to get any
payback of these systems. The only way to promote
(and to try to start to make a business) solar
energy utilisation in Lithuania was to start the
manufacturing of collectors, pump blocks and
domestic hot water accumulation tanks. Solar
collector is manufactured from the copper
absorbers, covered with black chrome selective
surface, with the absorption coefficient 0.96 and
the emission 0.098 at 100 °C.
The collector body is constructed from the
aluminium profiles, cover is made from low iron
tempered glass, insulation - mineral wool.
Accumulating tanks are constructed from stainless
steel with copper coil as the solar part heat
exchanger and the supplementary ceramic electrical
heater in a stainless steel pocket.
Plain collectors absorb up to 550 kWh/m2
thermal energy during one year if they are
oriented to the south and optimal inclination to
horizon is bout 45 degrees. These solar absorber
strips and plane collectors are buying from
different countries and from different companies:
Stiebel Eltron (Germany), Nova Solar GmbH
(Germany), Solsam Sunergy (Sweden) and others.
Into
table 1 we give dynamics of increasing of solar
collectors and DHWS into Lithuania during
2000-2001 years.
Table
1. Dynamics of increasing of solar collectors and
solar collectors systems into Lithuania (during
2000-2001 years)
|
Description |
Measure
units |
Installations,
year |
|
|
2000 |
2001 |
||
|
Solar
collectors |
m2 |
122 |
150 |
|
Solar
collectors systems |
Units |
8 |
12 |
Heating
of swimming pools
is generally considered to be one of the most
suitable and economical applications of solar
heating. Simple and cheap plastic collectors,
sized roughly between 25 % and 50 % of the surface
of the pool, can be used for all sizes of outdoor
pools. For indoors - pools to be used also under
the winter season, glazed solar collectors are to
be preferred.
A domestic hot water system consists of a solar collector connected by a piping system to a water tank. In the solar collector, the energy of the sun is transformed to heat absorbed by a liquid in the channels of the solar collector. This liquid transports the heat through a piping system - the solar collector - to the tank, where heat is transferred by a heat exchanger to the domestic water system.
The solar collector is often placed on the
roof, but can just as well be situated on a
framework placed on the ground, on carports,
pergolas or gables. The best sitting is due south
and the optimum tilt in Lithuania is approximately
40 - 50° from the horizontal. The solar collector
typically consists of 1 to 3 modules.
The total area for a single-family plant varies
from 4 to 6 m2,
depending on consumption, the orientation and
efficiency of the solar collector (fig 3).
In
principle, the solar collector consists of a black
metallic plate containg channels - the absorber
- mounted in a protective casing. The solar
collector liquid circulates in the absorber, which
absorbs the heat from the plate and the pipes, and
transfers the heat to the water tank. The
absorbers are normally constructed from the
following:
-
Copper piping rolled into an aluminium
plate
-
Channel plate made of stainless steel
-
Plastic piping (polypropylene) fixed on
fibre board.
Fig 3. Solar collector of the DHWS system on the roof of Lithuanian Energy Institute
In
order to reduce heat losses a coating
layer of glass or plastic is placed over the
absorber, and the absorber is insulated with mineral wool at the
sides and underneath. In addition, the absorber
can be given a selective extra coating in order to
reduce its heat radiation.
There are two systems, passive
solar system and active solar system. Water
circulation in passive system is performed due to
the density difference of cold and hot water.
System functions reliably, regulate it and it is
not necessary to use any additional regulator for
control. Heat is accumulated in tank-accumulator
while natural heat circulation is performed.
System has two loops. One loop is filled with not
free able liquid in order to avoid system damaging
in winter. The only requirement for system
mounting – the bottom of tank-accumulator has to
be not lower than 0.5 meter than the highest point
of collector.
In active solar system absorption, accumulation and distribution of solar energy are performed automatically. Electronic temperature regulator periodically switches on/off circulative pump and accumulate heat in the tank-accumulator. Pump is switched on when temperature in the upper part of solar collector exceeds temperature in the lower part of tank-accumulator by a definite number of degrees, and is switched off if latter difference of temperatures is less than that defined by regulator. System has two loops. One loop is filled with not free able liquid in order to avoid system damaging in winter.
The
storage tank is tall and slim, made of steel, and
well insulated. Its volume is 40 to 60 litres per
m2
absorber area. The tank is as a rule built into a
cabinet, and the outer measurements of such
cabinets are quoted.
Solar energy is transferred to the domestic water in the storage tank by means of a heat exchanger, which is either a coil at the bottom of the tank, or a plate-exchanger outside of the tank. In both cases, cold water is lead into to bottom of the tank, and hot water is tapped from the top of the tank, to which it naturally rises.
Fig.
4. Solar collectors integrated into building roof
(Klaipeda region)
By means of an extra coil in the upper half
of the tank, heat can be transferred from oil,
gas-or wood burning boilers, or district heating,
during winter. During summer, this coil is
generally not in use, since it is normally
advantageous to close down the boiler and instead
obtain supplementary heat from the electric
heating element during periods with little
sunshine.
If the storage tank is not of stainless steel, it is normally protected against corrosion by a layer of enamel or another suitable material, possibly with an protection anode too.
In
order to pump the solar collector liquid from the
solar collector, through the heat exchanger into
the storage tank and back again, a small
circulation pump is normally used.
Self-circulating plants without any pump are also
to be found. However, these required the storage
tank to be placed higher than the solar collector,
which can be difficult in climates with strong
winters.
The liquid in the solar collector expands when it is heated up, and an expansion tank is therefore necessary. An open expansion tank must be placed at the top of the plant, whilst a pressure expansion tank can be placed alongside the tank.
The most normal method is by differential
control. When the temperature at the top of the
solar collector exceeds the temperature at the
bottom of the storage tank by more than 5 to 10oC,
the pump will start up and the solar collector
liquid will circulate. There are, however, more
simple forms of control, where the pump is started
and stopped by a time switch, in accordance with
light intensity or when the temperature in the
solar collector reaches a certain level.
In
order to see how the plant is operating, it is an
advantage if the top temperature in the tank is
displayed (in addition to an indication of the
temperature at the top of the solar collector and
at the bottom of the storage tank for control
purposes).
Outdoor swimming pools are intended to be used throughout the summer, from May to September. The water in the pools receives solar radiation directly, but the heat gained is insufficient to compensate thermal losses. So the water must be heated in order to prolong the period of use and a solar system can supply the heat that is lacking.
The
variations in the frequentation of a swimming pool
during the season shows that outdoors pools are
only used if the ambient air temperature is higher
than 18
C. The
number of swimmers is in direct relationships
with the weather.
When
the weather is good, the solar installation heats
the water in the pool for a potentially large
number of visitors and when the weather is bad,
there are few visitors. Therefore, it is possible
and recommended to use a solar system without back
up heating in outdoor swimming pools. The
temperature of the water is left to vary in
relation to the prevailing climatic conditions, as
a well-designed solar system will heat the pool
quickly when the weather is good and provide the
necessary comfort for the majority of the
visitors.
The
conventional "flat plate" solar
collector consists of an absorber plate, with its
hydraulic circuit, that receives the solar
radiation and transforms it into heat. The
absorber plate is fixed in a watertight case,
behind a sheet of glass, thermal losses are
reduced by both the green-house effect of the
glazing and the thermal insulation of the casing.
This type of collector can work efficiently,
throughout the year, heating a heat transfer fluid
up to 50
C more than
the ambient outdoor temperature.
As these collectors are used in winter, they need to be protected from freezing. Therefore, the hydraulic system of the solar installation needs to have two independent circuits, linked by a heat exchanger:
the "primary circuit" is the
circuit flowing through the collectors using
an anti-freeze heat transfer fluid
the "secondary circuit" is
the swimming-pool water or the domestic hot
water circuit.
The heat exchanger is an apparatus that makes it possible to transfer heat from the primary circuit to the swimming-pool water circuit. Whatever the type of heat exchanger, it is always the cause of heat loss and a drop in overall installation efficiency. Heat exchangers are only used for installations that function throughout the year.
Many
companies manufacture solar collectors in most
European countries. All types of glazed collectors
can supply domestic hot water as well as heat for
a swimming pool. However, it is always recommended
to choose products that conform to national
standards and for which test results are
available.
Address of company
C.P.
353
Z.I. Ile Falcon 3960 Sierre,
Suisse
tel
++41274552212
fax
++41274552202
http://www.energie-solaire.com
Energie Solaire is a Swiss company founded in 1973, specialized in thermal solar energy. Since 1980, it produces stainless steel solar absorbers used in the construction of solar collectors and collectors without glass cover, more specifically for the Solar Roof AS, which turns a roof into a efficient solar collector matching perfect architectural integration
Solar
Roof
Technical
data
|
Type:
Stainless steel absorber with water
foil, with controlled draining, with
selective plating |
|
|
Dimensions
and physical characteristics (standard
model) |
|
|
Over-measured
length |
2480
mm ± 2 mm |
|
Active
length |
2240
mm |
|
Length
of the overlapping ends |
120
mm |
|
Width |
860
mm ± 1 mm |
|
Active
surface area |
1.93
m2 |
|
Weight |
9.8
kg/m2 |
|
Inner
volume |
2.52
l/m2 |
|
Diameter
of the connection parts |
ISO
G 3/8” |
|
Thermal
capacity (water filled) |
20
kJ/m2 |
|
Pressure
resistance control |
6
bars |
|
Maximum
operating pressure |
3
bars |
|
Nominal
flow |
40
l/h m2 |
|
Pressure
drop at nominal flow |
±400
Pa |
|
Selective
coating characteristics |
Absorption
>= 0.94 |
|
Heat
carrying fluid: |
without
chlorine ions or chlorates;
demineralised water with propylene
glycol anti-freeze and containing a
corrosion inhibiting product |
|
Caution
during filling operation: |
The
proof ness test of the collector field
must be done with demineralised water. The
filling must be performed immediately
before the final system start-up. |
|
Active
surface area |
2.0 |
m2 |
|
2.6 |
l/
m2 |
|
|
Max.
service pressure |
3 |
bar |
|
Nominal
flow |
40 |
l/h.
m2 |
|
Minimal
flow |
30 |
l/h.
m2 |
|
Pressure
drop at nominal flow |
<
400 |
Pa |
|
Max.
stagnation temperature |
200 |
oC |
|
Total
weight: kg |
52 |
kg |
|
Absorption |
>
0.94 |
|
|
Emission |
<
0.07 |
|
|
Absorber: |
AS+stainless
steel, black chromium selective
coating |
|
|
Dimensions |
900x2400 |
mm |
|
Solar
glass |
Low
iron Glass with reduced reflection
grade; float ESG; thickness: 4 mm |
|
|
Frame |
Aluminium |
|
|
Insulation |
PU
with aluminium sheet (free of CFC) |
|
Company
“Nova Solar GmbH”
Address
of company
Postfach
1149
D-68805 Neulußheim / Germany
Tel +49 (0) 6205 - 392847
Fax +49 (0) 6205 - 392848
e-mail mail@novasolar.net
http://www.novasolar.net
Excellent
welding joint – highly efficient heat transfer
The
“plasma-beam-welding method”, operating at
process temperature of over 20 000oC
and developed specially for the productions of
copper absorber fins, assures an excellent welding
joint resulting in highest heat transfer between
the copper tube and copper strip.
Excellent
mechanical strength and handling
A
slight amount of corrugating of the absorber strip
increases its rigidity and the strength of the
fins. The residue-free removable PE foil protects
the highly selective surface during the assembling
and mounting of the absorber plate
SunCollect
copper absorber fins are produced in different
lengths up to 7500 mm as per customer’s
specification (even longer, on request) They are
also produced in any width using copper tubes of
different diameters, e.g. 8 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm
etc
The
fins are available with several highly selective
coatings
Available
selective surfaces
|
Black
chrome IP (improved process) |
Absorbtion
0.95 ±
0.02 Emission
0.08 ±
0.03 |
|
Sunselect |
Absorbtion
0.95 ±
0.02 Emission
0.05 ±
0.02 |
|
Tinox |
Absorbtion
>0.94 Emission
>0.06 |
Selective
surfaces dimensions
|
Absorber
fin with push out Absorber
fin with push out and pipe extension Absorber
fin with pipe extension Absorber
fin, standard cut |
|
Address
of company “Viessmann UAB”
Geležinio
Vilko 6 A
2009 Vilnius
Telefon: (02) 68 32 95
Telefax: (02) 68 32 96
E-Mail: viessmann@takas.lt
http://www.viessmann.de
Solar
collectores
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
Vitosol 100 |
|
|
|
Vitosol 200 |
|
|
|
Vitosol
300 |
|
Technical data |
|||
|
Model |
H20 |
H30 |
|
|
Absorber area |
m2 |
2 |
3 |
|
Total
dimensions |
|||
|
Width Height Depth |
mm. mm. mm |
1434 2024 138 |
2143 2024 138 |
|
Weight (incl. insulation) |
kg |
45 |
68 |
1. High level of operational reliability and a
long service life thanks to the use of high-grade,
corrosion-resistant materials such as special
solar glass, copper and stainless steel. Durable,
vacuum-tight glass-to-metal seal.
2.
High efficiency thanks to the Sol-Titan coated
absorber and vacuum collector tubes.
3.
Short installation times assured by a
systematically standardized installation system
for all collector types.
4.
The condenser has a flexible connection to the
vacuum tube via a stainless steel corrugated pipe.
The individual tubes can be adjusted for optimum
alignment to the sun during original placement.
5.
The dry connection of the collector tubes allows
for individual tubes to be mounted and
disassembled without having to drain the solar
heating system.
6.
Proven Viessmann plug-in system for connecting
several collectors to form one collector panel
with a total surface area of up to 65 ft2
- 6 m2.
7.
A fully integrated solar system:
Buderus
Aktiengesellschaft
Bereich
Personal
Sophienstrasse
30-32
35576
Wetzlar
Tel.:
06441/418-1709
e-Mail:
wonne.emrich@buderus.de
Technical
data of solar collectors
|
|
Logasol
SKN 2.0-s |
Logasol
SKN 2.0-w |
|
Orentation |
horizontal |
vertikal |
|
Dimensions: |
2115x1135x112 |
1135x2115x112 |
|
Total
liquid content l |
1.15 |
1.18 |
|
Floor
space, m2 |
2.4 |
|
|
Absorbing
surface, m2: |
2.1 |
|
|
Total
weight: kg |
43 |
|
|
Temperature
max. oC |
178 |
|
|
Absorption |
0.92-0.94 |
|
|
Emission |
0.12-0.16 |
|
|
Price |
670,-
bis 732 Euro |
|
Heat insulation: 40 mm thick basalt felt with
glass-fibre side insulation
Conversion
layer: highly selective, aluminium oxide-based
layer pigmented with colloidal nickel
Absorber:
aluminium segments with copper piping
Address of company
Thermo solar
Regierungsplatz 539
84028 Landshut
Germany
Tel. ++49 871-274103
Fax ++49 871-274104
info@thermosalar.com
Technical
data of solar collectors
|
Standard-collector 250 N Technical
Data Dimensions:
75 x 1034 x 2040 mm |
|
High-Performance-collector
300 N
Technical
Data Dimensions:
75 x 1038 x 2040 mm
|
|
Vakuum
Flat Plate Collector 400 V
Technical
Data Dimensions:
75 x 1040 x 2040 mm Total
weight: 48 kg Collector
casing: corrosion-proof Al + Mg alloy
moulding Total
liquid content: 1.5 l Heat
insulation: Vacuum, filled with
Cryptongas Conversion
layer: highly selective, aluminium
oxide-based layer pigmented with
colloidal nickel Absorber:
aluminium segments with copper piping |
|
Address of company
Ltd.
TERMA
Bakanausko
st. 20
3018 Kaunas,
Lithuania.
Tel.+
370 7 392311,
Fax.
+ 370 7 392096,
At present plain solar collectors for water
heating are produced in Lithuania, because it is
economically inexpedient to use expensive foreign
solar collectors in our country. Plain collectors
absorb up to 550 kWh/m2 thermal energy
during one year if they are oriented to the south
and optimal inclination to horizon is bout 45
degrees. (in Lithuania).
Solar
collector -1,9 V, (V-1,9 H)
|
Solar
collector V-1,9 V, (V-1,9 H)
|
Technical
data
All
surface area, m2
1,95
Effective
surface area, m2
1,73
Dimensions,
mm
1967 x 987 x 102
Weight
without fluid, kg
40
Fluid
volume, l
1,0
Frame
Painted aluminium profile
Heat
insulation
60 mm mineral wool
Transparent
cover
4 mm hardened glass
Absorber
cover
selective, “black chrome”
Absorbtion
Min. 0,96
Emission
Maks. 0,098
Working
temperature, °C
100
Max.
temperature when no circulation °C.
180
Max.
pressure, bar
10,5
|
“TERMA”
produces accumulative water
heaters for hot water preparation.
Accumulative water heaters are
mounted in water heating solar
systems, which accumulate heat
amount for 1-3 days. Electric
braziers can be mounted in
accumulative water heaters for
extra heating of water.
Accumulative water heaters have
vertical construction made of
ferrous metals. Mineral wool
covered with imitation leather is
used for isolation. Heating coils
of solar system and hot water are
made of copper pipe. |
|
|||
|
|
|
Accumulative
water tank |
|
|
Address of company
Vinčų
st. 1-6, Kaunas 3019
Lithuania
Tel./fax.
+370 37 234901
e-mail: strigis@usa.net
|
Total dimensions: |
2060
X 1060 X 80 mm |
|
Absorber area:
|
2,0
m2 |
|
Weight: |
38
kg
|
|
Capacity
of fluid:
|
1,1
litre |
|
Speed
of fluid:
|
0,5
litre/min/ m2 |
Price
of solar collector - 360Euro
Leadership:
Vykintas Šuksteris, director
Konstantinas
Marcinkus, deputy director
Address:
Bakanausko
g. 20
3018
Kaunas
Lithuania
Tel:.
370 37 392311
Faks:
370 37 392093
E-mail: info@terma.lt
Leadership:
Albertas Barčius, director
Address:
Zilvyciu
22,
5800
Klaipėda
Lithuania
Tel.
370 26 400033
Fax.
370 26 412187
Leadership:
Liudas Charževskis, director
Address:
Vinčų
g. 1-6
2350,
Kaunas
Lithuania
Tel:
370 37 234901
Fax.
370 37 234901
E-mail: strigis@euteka.lt
This project proposal contains a complete reconstruction of the energy system at the sanatorium in Kacergine. The existing boiler house with oil fired old coal boilers is replaced by a new prefabricated bio energy boiler installation. An installation of solar thermal panels will provide heat for summer load of tap water and part of heat consumption during spring and autumn. The existing heat distribution from the boiler house to all connected buildings is replaced with new well-insulated pipes including substations for secondary heating systems in all buildings. One of the points with this project besides giving Kacergine Sanatorium an energy efficient system is to demonstrate large-scale solar energy installation in Lithuania.
Kacergine is located just outside of the city of Kaunas. The Kacergine Sanatorium is hosting about one hundred children living there for different periods to be treated for their diseases. The sanatorium was built in the beginning of the 1960's. The buildings are poorly insulated and where originally construction for summer use only.
The heating system and installed equipment is in poor condition. The boiler boilers are originally constructed for coal, traditional design with housing made of bricks and heating tubes at the top. The boilers have been converted for burning oil by a simple installation of oil burners standing on a floor rack at the front. It is very difficult to make a reasonable estimation of the efficiency of the heat production but it is probably fairly low. The cost for fuel is a large expense for the sanatorium. Summer 2001 a team from J&W made a visit to Kacergine with purpose to examine the technical status of the energy system as a baseline for this project proposal. Inspection of the distribution system indicated leakage in a number of sections. Lack of insulation material and visible corrosion on pipes and valves was documented. Possible location of new boiler and solar panels was identified.
The purpose with this project is to improve the energy system at Kacergine Sanatorium in order to reduce the energy cost for the administration and to reduce the environmental impact from energy production. The objectives can be stated in following notes:
•
Increase energy efficiency in production,
distribution and use of energy in buildings. The
objective is that the new energy system reduces
the cost for energy with at least 40%.
•
Reduction of C02 emissions by conversion of energy
production from fossil fuels to renewable energy
by introducing bio energy and solar energy.
•
Demonstrate an integrated solution with bio energy
and solar energy in combination as a technical and
economical viable system. (This kind of integrated
systems is used by some housing companies in
western Sweden)
•
Establish co-operation between Swedish
manufacturers and local producers of solar panels.
Present situation:
The existing heating equipment consists of
old boilers designed for coal firing. The boilers
have been provided with oil-burners of simple
design. The pipe-system is in a poor condition
with detected leakages and heat losses. The amount
of leakage has unfortunately not been possible
determine during visits. The reason for this is
that there is no adequate measuring of feeding
water consumption.
The buildings are badly insulated. The
average energy use has been calculated from noted
oil consumption. Energy use is between 365 and 530
kWh/m2 yearly. Consumption varies very
much between years mainly due to technical
problems at the boiler house and also due to bad
quality of oil in some shipments. The consumption
is approximately three times higher than
correspondent buildings in Sweden. Other reasons
for this are the bad insulation in buildings and
pipes. To illustrate present situation you can
estimate an energy reduction by 15-20 % just by
insulation of all attics to Nordic standard. It is
necessary to work out a plan for energy efficiency
measures in conjunction to this project.
Proposed project:
A new prefabricated boiler for wood chips
will replace the existing boiler house. The new
equipment, a complete installation including all
necessary auxiliary components as heat exchangers
and circulation pumps, is mounted in a container
housing. New pre-insulated pipes will replace the
existing distribution network. All connected
buildings will be equipped with sub stations
containing heat exchangers, circulation pumps and
regulation facilities.
Large-scale
solar panels will be mounted on ground fixtures
near by the boiler house. The solar installation
will be dimensioned to coupe with the summer load
for hot tap water consumption. A storage tank will
be connected to the solar system on the return
pipe from the distribution network.
This system will work in an integrated mode
between bio boiler and the solar system, The solar
system will during summer be able to produce all
capacity needed for tap water production. The
benefit of the solar/bio system is that it is
possible to close down the boiler for annually
maintenance work during summer
The results of this project can be used for
dissemination of integrated solar/bio systems in
Lithuania. The technology is replicable in many
applications. Block buildings with dwellings
outside district heating networks, hospitals and
hotels with high consumption of hot water
represent potential applications of interest. The
project is also of interest for demonstration of
solar installations on larger scale. Today you can
only find solar heating on one-family houses
within Lithuania.
The total investment including costs for
consultants will be funded as a grant by STEM.
(Swedish National Energy Administration)
Present information of oil consumption is varying between 100 and 145 tonnes. The reason for this is not completely clear. There are indications of technical problems and also difference in number of guests during the years. The capacity of the present system is not sufficient. It is not possible to maintain normal indoor temperatures when the outdoor temperature is very low. This situation indicates heat losses in the network and buildings.
Environmental
benefits in this project are reduction of CO2,
NOx and SO2.
Reduction of CO2 emissions is calculated to be 314 tonnes/year. The calculated reduction of CO2 is based on a coal content of 86 % in the oil and an oil consumption of 100 metric tons a year.
The
reduction of SO2 will be about 2
tonnes/year. The calculated reduction of SO2,
is based on a sulphur content of 1,1 % and an oil
consumption of 100 metric tons a year.
Since
the present NOx-emissions are unknown it is not
possible to do estimations of reduction of
NOx-emissions.
To increase reliability in these figures it is proposed to conduct measuring of existing emissions during ongoing heating season.
